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Objective:To investigate relationships between nasal parasitism by Demodex mites and nasal skin microbiome in patients with rosacea. Methods:From May 2017 to June 2019, 14 patients with rosacea, including 8 with early-stage rosacea and 6 with intermediate-stage rosacea, and 14 human controls with healthy facial skin were collected from Department of Dermatology, Shunde District Center for Prevention and Cure of Chronic Disease of Foshan City. Microbial samples were collected from the nasal alar and nasolabial folds of the subjects. Then, DNA was extracted from the samples, and subjected to metagenomic sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. Relative abundance of strains was estimated by using composition ratios of Demodex mites and microbial reads. Shannon index was calculated to evaluate α diversity of microbiome, and principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to assess β diversity based on relative abundance of microbial species. Enumeration data were compared by using two-independent-sample t test, and relationships between nasal Demodex mites and skin microbiome were analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis. Results:The relative abundance of nasal Demodex mites was significantly higher in the rosacea group (1.647% ± 0.389%) than in the healthy group (0.448% ± 0.089%, t = 2.92, P = 0.007) . The relative abundance of Demodex mites was negatively correlated with the relative abundance of bacteria ( r = -0.95, P < 0.001) , and positively correlated with the relative abundance of fungi ( r = 0.76, P < 0.001) . The Shannon indices of nasal bacterial and fungal communities were significantly higher in the rosacea group (0.91 ± 0.17, 1.261 ± 0.045, respectively) than in the healthy group (0.47 ± 0.12, 0.549 ± 0.071, t = 2.17, 8.48, respectively, both P < 0.05) ; PCA showed that the β diversity of bacterial communities significantly differed between the rosacea group and healthy group ( t = 2.32, P = 0.029) , while no significant difference in the β diversity of fungal communities was observed between the two groups ( t = 0.82, P = 0.461) . In addition, the relative abundance of Demodex mites was significantly higher in the patients with intermediate-stage rosacea than in those with early-stage rosacea ( t = 6.56, P < 0.001) ; there was no significant difference in the Shannon indices of nasal bacterial or fungal communities between the two patient groups (both P > 0.05) ; PCA showed that the β diversities of bacterial and fungal communities significantly differed between the two patient groups (both P < 0.05) . Conclusion:Parasitism of Demodex mites on the nasal skin may affect nasal microbial community structure.
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Objective@#To investigate the recovery of splenomegaly and hypersplenism after liver transplantation in children and explore the necessity of splenomegaly management before and during liver transplantation.@*Method@#The data of 22 children who were underwent liver transplantation with preoperative splenomegaly and hypersplenism who were not treated with splenomegaly before and during operation and with no recurrence of portal hypertension during postoperative follow-up in Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from December 2008 to January 2019 were collected. There were 13 male patients and 9 female patients with a median age of 6.5 months. The changes of erythrocyte, platelet, white blood cell and spleen length and thickness were analyzed by paired t-test before and at the 1st, 3rd and 6th months after surgery. Correlation analysis was performed on the change of spleen long diameter and thickness product and blood cell recovery.@*Results@#There were 21 cases of red blood cell decreased before surgery, with a mean value of(3.1±0.5)×1012/L, and(3.7±0.7)×1012/L, (4.6±0.6)×1012/L and (4.3±0.5)×1012/L at the 1st, 3rd and 6th months after operation, respectively. The differences between the preoperative and postoperative groups were statistically significant (P<0.05). There were 7 cases of thrombocytopenia before operation, with an average of (70.0±17.0)×109/L, and (191.0±129.0)×109/L, (156.0±79.0)×109/L and (167.0±63.0)×109/L at the 1st, 3rd and 6th months after operation, respectively. The differences between the first, third, and sixth months after surgery were significant compared with that before surgery (P<0.05). Leukocyte count decreased in 5 cases with an average value of (3.30±0.56)×109/L before surgery, (7.5±4.4)×109/L, (7.4±1.4)×109/L, (5.1± 2.5)×109/L at the 1st, 3rd and 6th months after operation, respectively. The differences between the two groups were significant (P<0.05). The average value of preoperative spleen length times thickness was (35.7±12.9) cm2 and at the 1st, 3rd, 6th month after surgery it was (26.2±8.1)cm2, (25.2±13.4)cm2, (27.2±7.4)cm2, respectively. The differences between the first, third months after surgery were significant compared with that before surgery (P<0.05). The white blood cell and platelet counts of children before and after surgery were correlated with spleen size negatively (correlation coefficients were -0.902, -0.933, respectively), and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05).@*Conclusions@#In the early stage of liver transplantation, the size of spleen retracts to varying degrees, and hypersplenism can be alleviated continuously. Therefore, it is unnecessary to treat splenomegaly and hypersplenism before and during liver transplantation.
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Objective@#To evaluate the effect of age and gender on skin microbiome on the face of healthy adults by metagenomic sequencing.@*Methods@#From June 2017 to June 2018, 36 adult volunteers with healthy facial skin were enrolled from the Department of Dermatology, Center for Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Diseases of Shunde, including 16 young volunteers (9 males and 7 females) aged 24-31 (27.1 ± 1.3) years and 20 senior volunteers (10 males and 10 females) aged 61-84 (75.8 ± 2.2) years. Skin microbe samples were obtained from the cheek of volunteers, and DNA was extracted from these samples and subjected to metagenomic sequencing and bioinformatic analysis, so as to evaluate the effect of age and gender factors on microbiota on the healthy facial skin of adults. Statistical analysis was carried out by using two independent-sample t test, Wilcoxon rank sum test and Pearson correlation analysis.@*Results@#The senior group showed significantly higher α diversities of bacterial and fungal communities on the facial skin (Shannon index: 0.98 ± 0.07, 1.11 ± 0.05 respectively) compared with those in the young group (0.72 ± 0.09, 0.81 ± 0.05 respectively; t = 2.201, 3.836, P = 0.035, < 0.001 respectively) . Principal component analysis revealed that age could significantly affect β diversities of bacterial and fungal communities on the facial skin (t = 6.991, 11.591 respectively, both P < 0.001) . There were no significant differences in α diversities of bacterial and fungal communities between males and females (Shannon index: bacteria, 0.83 ± 0.08 vs. 0.92 ± 0.09; fungi, 0.92 ± 0.06 vs. 1.04 ± 0.05; t = 0.801, 1.332 respectively, both P > 0.05) . Gender factor could only affect the β diversity of bacterial communities (t = 2.149, P = 0.020) , but not the β diversity of fungal communities (t = 0.439, P = 0.663) . Moreover, the activity of metabolic pathways in bacterial and fungal communities was significantly lower in the senior group than in the young group (t = 1.995, 2.464, P = 0.020, 0.025, respectively) , while gender factor did not affect the activity of metabolic pathways in bacterial and fungal communities (t = 0.895, 0.483, P = 0.378, 0.631, respectively) . According to the relative abundance of different bacteria and fungi between the senior group and young group, Pearson correlation analysis showed positive or negative correlations between some fungi and bacteria, between some bacteria and bacteria, as well as between some fungi and fungi.@*Conclusion@#Age factor, but not gender, markedly affects α and β diversities of, and activity of metabolic pathways in bacterial and fungal communities on the healthy face of adults.
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Objective To evaluate the effect of age and gender on skin micmbiome on the face of healthy adults by metagenomic sequencing.Methods From June 2017 to June 2018,36 adult volunteers with healthy facial skin were enrolled from the Department of Dermatology,Center for Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Diseases of Shunde,including 16 young volunteers (9 males and 7 females) aged 24-31 (27.1 ± 1.3) years and 20 senior volunteers (10 males and 10 females) aged 61-84 (75.8 ± 2.2) years.Skin microbe samples were obtained from the cheek of volunteers,and DNA was extracted from these samples and subjected to metagenomic sequencing and bioinformatic analysis,so as to evaluate the effect of age and gender factors on microbiota on the healthy facial skin of adults.Statistical analysis was carried out by using two independent-sample t test,Wilcoxon rank sum test and Pearson correlation analysis.Results The senior group showed significantly higher α diversities of bacterial and fungal communities on the facial skin (Shannon index:0.98 ± 0.07,1.11 ± 0.05 respectively) compared with those in the young group (0.72 ± 0.09,0.81 ± 0.05 respectively;t =2.201,3.836,P =0.035,＜ 0.001 respectively).Principal component analysis revealed that age could significandy affect 3 diversities of bacterial and fungal communities on the facial skin (t =6.991,11.591 respectively,both P ＜ 0.001).There were no significant differences in α diversities of bacterial and fungal communities between males and females (Shannon index:bacteria,0.83 ± 0.08 vs.0.92 ± 0.09;fungi,0.92 ± 0.06 vs.1.04 ± 0.05;t =0.801,1.332 respectively,both P ＞ 0.05).Gender factor could only affect the 3 diversity of bacterial communities (t =2.149,P =0.020),but not the β diversity of fungal communities (t =0.439,P =0.663).Moreover,the activity of metabolic pathways in bacterial and fungal communities was significantly lower in the senior group than in the young group (t =1.995,2.464,P =0.020,0.025,respectively),while gender factor did not affect the activity of metabolic pathways in bacterial and fungal communities (t =0.895,0.483,P =0.378,0.631,respectively).According to the relative abundance of different bacteria and fungi between the senior group and young group,Pearson correlation analysis showed positive or negative correlations between some fungi and bacteria,between some bacteria and bacteria,as well as between some fungi and fungi.Conclusion Age factor,but not gender,markedly affects α and β diversities of,and activity of metabolic pathways in bacterial and fungal communities on the healthy face of adults.
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Objective To investigate the recovery of splenomegaly and hypersplenism after liver transplantation in children and explore the necessity of splenomegaly management before and during liver transplantation.Method The data of 22 children who were underwent liver transplantation with preopera-tive splenomegaly and hypersplenism who were not treated with splenomegaly before and during operation and with no recurrence of portal hypertension during postoperative follow-up in Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery,Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from December 2008 to January 2019 were collected.There were 13 male patients and9 female patients with a median age of 6.5 months.The changes of erythrocyte,platelet,white blood cell and spleen length and thickness were analyzed by paired t-test before and at the 1st,3rd and 6th months after surgery.Correlation analysis was performed on the change of spleen long diameter and thickness product and blood cell recovery.Results There were 21 cases of red blood cell decreased before surgery,with a mean value of(3.1±0.5)X 1012/L,and(3.7±0.7)×1012/L,(4.6±0.6)×1012/L and(4.3±0.5)×1012/L at the 1st,3rd and 6th months after operation,respective-ly.The differences between the preoperative and postoperative groups were statistically significant(P＜0.05).There were 7 cases of thrombocytopenia before operation,with an average of(70.0±17.0)×109/L,and(191.0±129.0)×109/L,(156.0±79.0)×109/L and(167.0±63.0)×109/L at the 1st,3rd and 6th months after operation,respectively.The differences between the first,third,and sixth months after sur-gery were significant compared with that before surgery(P＜0.05).Leukocyte count decreased in 5 cases with an average value of(3.30±0.56)×109/L before surgery,(7.5±4.4)×109/L,(7.4±1.4)× 109/L,(5.1±2.5)×109/L at the 1st.3rd and 6th months after operation,respectively.The differences between the two groups were significant(P＜0.05).The average value of preoperative spleen length times thickness was(35.7±12.9)em2 and at the 1st,3rd.6th month after surgery it was(26.2±8.1)cm2,(25.2±13.4)cm2,(27.2±7.4)cm2,respectively.The differences between the first,third months after surgery were significant compared with that before surgery(P＜0.05).The white blood cell and platelet counts of children before and after surgery were correlated with spleen size negatively(correlation coefficients were-0.902,-0.933,respectively),and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusions In the early stage of liver transplantation,the size of spleen retracts to varying degrees,and hypersplenism can be alleviated continuously.Therefore,it is unnecessary to treat splenomegaly and hyper-splenism before and during liver transplantation.
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Objective To study the clinical characteristics of immune tolerance after liver transplantation in children and to identify possible predictors.Methods The clinical data of 37 pediatric patients who underwent liver transplantation between April 2006 and April 2014 at the Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University were retrospectively analyzed.The patients were divided into the no-drug (n =4),single-drug (n =16) and multi-drug (n =17) groups according to the status of their current immunosuppressant medications.The possible predictive factors were screened based on their clinical data,and statistical analysis was performed.Results The 37 liver transplantation recipients included 16 males (43.2％) and 21 females (56.8％).The factors that differed among the groups included age at transplantation and the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) of the transplant recipients.Age,ALT level,and AST level of the transplant recipients were significantly different between the single-drug group and the multi-drug group (all P ＜ 0.05).However,only the ALT Ievel was significantly different (P ＜ 0.05) between the no-drug group and the multi-drug group.No significant differences were found in the various other factors between the no-drug and single-drug groups.Conclusion The age of the recipient at transplantation was a predictive factor affecting clinical immune tolerance in pediatric liver transplantation,while ALT and AST levels were potential predictors of postoperative immune tolerance.
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Objective To monitor ventilator-associated event (VAE) for the first time in an intensive care unit (ICU) in China,understand the applicability,incidence,and clinical significance of VAE in China.Methods Targeted monitoring on VAE was performed among patients ≥18 years and with mechanical ventilation (MV)＞2 days in the ICU of a hospital between January 2014 and September 2015,incidence of VAE was calculated,and patients were grouped according to whether or not they had VAE,prognostic factors were analyzed statistically.Results A total of 1 004 patients were monitored,the total hospital stay was 13 795 days in patients who used ventilator,307 (30.58％) cases of VAE occurred,incidence of VAE per 1 000 ventilator-days was 22.25.Univariate analysis showed that patients with VAE had longer length of ICU stay and MV,and higher mortality rate than patients without VAE when they moved out of ICU (all P＜0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that VAE was independent risk factor for length of ICU stay,duration of MV,as well as mortality when patients moved out of ICU(all P＜0.05).Conclusion Judgment of VAE is based on MV parameters,it is more objective and accurate.There is a high incidence of VAE among ICU patients,it may lead to poor clinical outcomes,and has good values for the targeted monitoring on ICU patients in large comprehensive hospitals of China.
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Objective To investigate the difference in ocular surface microbiota between dry eye patients and healthy subjects,and discuss the role of microbiota in dry eye.Methods Twenty cases of dry eye patients and 90 cases of healthy subjects were collected in the PLA General Hospital and Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center.The samples of conjunctiva impression cytology were collected from all subjects,and then metagenomic shotgun sequencing was performed following the DNA extraction.The differences in alpha diversity and metabolic pathways of the ocular surface microbiota between dry eye patients and healthy subjects were evaluated.Results There was no significant difference in alpha diversity of the microbial community between dry eye patients and healthy subjects (P =0.13).However,an increase of 15 species and a decrease of 10 species were detected on the ocular surface of dry eye patients.The enriched antibiotic resistance genes in dry eye patients were more than healthy subjects.Conclusion Although the alpha diversity of the microbial community on ocular surface between dry eye patients and healthy subjects are not distinguishable,a significant difference could be found in relative abundance and metabolic pathways,suggest that these specific microbiome may be related to the pathogenesis and disease progression of dry eye.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To clone and identify olfactory receptor odorant receptor 7 (OR7) gene of Aedes albopictus and analyze its expression profile and calcium regulation function.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>RT-PCR was used to amplify the olfactory receptor OR7 gene of Ae. albopictus and OR7 expression was detected in different tissues and organs. The coding sequence of OR7 gene was cloned in eukaryotic expression vector pME18s, which was then transfected into HEK293 cells. The calcium callback function in response to odor molecule stimulation was analyzed by calcium imaging technique.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The OR7 gene of Ae. albopictus was cloned and sequence analysis showed that its coding region was 1395 bp. RT-PCR detected OR7 expression in the larvae, pupae and adult mosquitoes, especially in female mosquitos. Preliminary analysis of calcium callback function demonstrated the specific regulation of calcium absorption by OR7 in response to odor molecule stimulation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The OR7 gene of Ae. albopictus has been cloned successfully. OR7 is highly expressed in female mosquitos and is capable of specific recognition of the odor molecules.</p>
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Animals , Female , Humans , Aedes , Genetics , Cloning, Molecular , Gene Expression , Genes, Insect , HEK293 Cells , Larva , Pupa , Receptors, Odorant , GeneticsABSTRACT
Objective To summarize the clinical experience of successful liver transplantation from infant donation after cardiac death (DCD) for infant with biliary astresia (BA).Methods The donor was a 16-months-old girl with a body weight of 10 kg,who died of irreversible anoxic cerebral damage after sudden asphyxiation.The recipient was a 24-months-old girl with a body weight of 12 kg,who suffered from icteric concurrent late biliary cirrhosis after the Porta-jejunum anastomosis because of congenital BA.The DCD liver was classically orthotopically transplanted into the infants recipient.The warm ischemia time was 7 min,the cold ischemia time was 360 min,and the graft volume to the standard liver volume (GV/SLV) was 1.02.After operation,the vital signs and transplanted liver function of the recipient were monitored,and the recipient was given treatments of anti-infection,anticoagulation,and improving the microcirculation.The recipient was treated with the triple immunosuppression protocol of tacrolimus,mycophenolate and prednisone to prevent rejection.Results The operating time of the recipient was 480 min,the non-liver stage was 65 min,and the blood loss was 230 mL.The endotracheal intubation was removed from the recipient at 12 h,and the recipient started to eat at 48 h aftcr operation.The recipient had a hepatic artery thrombus on the 3rd and 15th day after operation,and the hepatic artery had re-blood-supply after the hepatic artery catheterization and continuous perfusion with urokinase.The recipient was discharged on the 42nd day,and the recipient was in satisfactory condition to present.Conclusion The infant DCD liver is a better graft for infant liver transplantation for BA.The surgical complications can be reduced with matched volume of donor-recipient liver; and it can guarantee a successful operation with perfect operative technique and careful perioperative management.
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Objective To investigate the cause of jejunum perforation after infantile livingrelated liver transplantation (ILRLT) and summarize the experience of treatment. Methods The clinical data of 28 infants with biliary atresia who underwent ILRLT were analyzed and 4 of 28 infantile recipients (14. 3%) developed jejunum perforation after ILDLT. Results Four patients had 7 episodes of jejunum perforation after transplantation among 28 infantile recipients who underwent ILRLT because of biliary atresia. The median time between transplantation and perforation was 11 days.Perforation occurred at the point of silk in jejunum stoma (n = 3) and the Roux-en-Y limb (n = 1 ).None had a history of prior operation including Kasai in 4 patients. Clinical manifestation included fever, increased heart rate, abdominal distention, leukocytosis, and no free air on abdominal roentgenograrns. A simple repair was performed in three infants with silk: two developed recurrent perforation (67%) and underwent a re-exploration,and another had a third perforation and underwent a third repair because of re-perforation. Another child underwent a simple repair with prolene, and there was no recurrence. None died from the perforation in our study. Conclusion The occurrence and location of jejunum perforation after ILDLT suggests that the cause of the perforation is related to the jejunal anastomosis with silk, and the jejunum perforation may be avoided in the jejunal anastomosis with prolene. Early diagnosis and exploration may ensure better survival.
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Objective To summarize the clinical experience of segmental living related liver transplantation for very small infant with biliary atresia. Methods The recipient was a 145-day-old male with congenital biliary atresia. The infant was 66 cm in height and weighed 3.08 kg. The donor was his 36-year-old mother. Her segment Ⅱ of the liver was excised and orthotopically transplanted into the infant's body as the graft. The portal vein of the graft was end-to-end anastomosed to the portal vein of the recipient, the hepatic artery of the graft was end-to-end anastomosed to the proper hepatic artery of the recipient with lateral superficial vein of left great saphenous vein from donor as a bridge, and the hepatic vein was end-to-end anastomosed to the hepatic vein of the recipient whose hepatic vein was conformed from right, middle and left hepatic vein. Biliary tract was reconstructed via Roux-en-Y operation. Results Segment Ⅱ (160 g) of liver from donor was resected, and there was no blood infusion. The donor retained her liver function within 5 days and was discharged on the eighth day. The operating time of graft implantation was 451 min. The blood loss was 250 ml. Non-liver stage was 71 min. The cold ischemic time was 132 min. Cyclosporine, mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and prednisone were used for postoperative immunosuppression. The bilirubin level of the infant was decreased to the normal level one week after operation, and the liver function became normal in 9 days. Jejuno-leakage on the 7th day after the transplantation was recovered by mend and drainage and discharged on the 35th day. The donor and recipient were in satisfactory condition to present. Conclusion The segmental living related liver transplantation is advisable for very small infant with biliary atresia. Perfect operative technique and postoperative intensive care are the keys to ensure the success of the procedure.